orthology
/ˈɔːrθəˌlɒdʒi/Definitions
1. noun
The study of the relationships between different languages and their classification, or a group of organisms that are most closely related to a particular species.
“The linguist spent years studying the orthology of ancient languages.”
2. noun
A group of organisms that are most closely related to a particular species, but are not themselves that species, often used to compare the evolution of different species.